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Mar. 1st, 2011 05:42 pm![[personal profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/user.png){kind=small}
kittydesadeYep, everyone's getting spammed today. Isn't it fun? Hush, my languages could use practice.
Modals may occur without a dependent infinitive if a verb of motion is clearly understood from the context.
Ich kann das nicht = Ich kann das nicht machen.
Ich muss in die Bibliothek = Ich muss in die Bibliothek gehen.
Das darfst du nicht. = Das darfst du nicht tun.
Christin und Mark studieren an der Universität Hamburg. Christin ist Deutsche, Mark ist Amerikaner. Sie trinken im Café Klatsch Kaffee. Geben Sie ihr Gespräch auf Englisch wieder.
1. CHRISTIN: Willst du jetzt nach Hause? Are you heading [to the house] home?
2. MARK: Nein, ich muss noch in die Bibliothek. No, I still have to go to the library.
3. CHRISTIN: Was willst du da?
4. MARK: Ich muss Shakespeare lesen. Musst du auch in die Uni?
5. CHRISTIN: Nein, was soll ich denn da? Heute ist Sonntag!
6. MARK: Sag mal, kannst du gut Englisch?
7. CHRISTIN: Ja, ich kann aber auch Französisch.
8. MARK: Darf hier jeder in die Bibliothek?
9. CHRISTIN: Ja, wer will, der darf.
Using noun-modifying clauses in the past and present.
Using the plain present form of verbs.
兄が よく 行く きっさてんは あそこです。
The coffee shop that my older brother often goes to is over there.
Using the plain present or past form of adjectives and verbs.
これは 母が 好きだった ほんです。
This is the book that my mother liked.
兄が きのう 行った きっさてんは あそこです。
The coffee shop that my older brother went to yesterday is over there.
As explained in previous chapters, in Japanese the modifying clause immediately precedes the noun to be modified. The modifying clause can be in the past or the present tense, but the verb must be in the plain form.
兄が よく 行く くっさてんは あそこです。
これは 母が 好きだった ほんです。
兄が きのう 行った きっさてんは あそこです。
The topic marker は does not appear in a modifying clause. Thus, the subject of the verb in a modifying clause is marked by が
弟が よく 行く レストラン
the restaurant that my younger brother goes to often
山田さんが きのう 行った レストラン
the restaurant that Yamada-san went to yesterday
母が 好きだった ふく
the clothes that my mother liked
*note from Trinker - with no time marker, this conveys the impression of this no longer being the case, either because of changing tastes or because the person in question is no longer living
母が すきな 音楽
the music that my mother likes
The subject marker が is often substituted by the particle の when the modifying clause is very short.
父が/の 好きだった 家
the house that my father liked
父が 子供の 時に 好きだった 家
the house that my father liked when he was a child
弟が/の 見た 映画
the movie that my younger brother watched
弟が 山田さんと 見た 映画
the movie that my younger brother watched with Yamada-san
Use the present tense when a modifying clause describes a characteristic of a person or thing even though the sentence is in the past tense.
私は よく 食べる 子供でした。
I was a child who ate a lot.
山田さんは せが 高い 人でした。
Yamada-san was the tall person.
I'm not usually the person who reads the tabloids. I have small amounts of commentary to give on the personal lives of actors I enjoy, and most of that consists of "Awww, they're so cute!" But when someone starts trending on Yahoo, and then I click their name to see why that name sounds so damn familiar, and then I realize that that's the wife one of my objects of mild obsession (and a sweet guy I met at a con once) and now soon to be ex-wife? Apparently my brain goes base over apex and I can't think of any other damn thing. Someone, please, give me something to think about other than the urge to cuddle the man. I don't even like to take sides when people I actually know are splitting up! That way lies nasty drama.
Actually, don't give me anything else to think about because as soon as I'm done with this I'm going to start doing a link roundup and practicing guitar. But, you know. The principle's there. I'm trying not to think about it because it's none of my damn business and it bugs me that it's stuck in the top part of my brain. Oof. And I still have way more than enough stuff to do without indulgent web surfing over personal dramas. Vocab quizzes, guitar. Link roundups. Writing crap. You'd think my hindbrain would realize this and give over, but apparently it's trying to headache me into submission.
I'm going to get out my guitar and play Folk Song Army. Unlike the rest of you squares. (For those of you staring at me like I've gone mental now, google Tom Lehrer.)
Modals may occur without a dependent infinitive if a verb of motion is clearly understood from the context.
Ich kann das nicht = Ich kann das nicht machen.
Ich muss in die Bibliothek = Ich muss in die Bibliothek gehen.
Das darfst du nicht. = Das darfst du nicht tun.
Christin und Mark studieren an der Universität Hamburg. Christin ist Deutsche, Mark ist Amerikaner. Sie trinken im Café Klatsch Kaffee. Geben Sie ihr Gespräch auf Englisch wieder.
1. CHRISTIN: Willst du jetzt nach Hause? Are you heading [to the house] home?
2. MARK: Nein, ich muss noch in die Bibliothek. No, I still have to go to the library.
3. CHRISTIN: Was willst du da?
4. MARK: Ich muss Shakespeare lesen. Musst du auch in die Uni?
5. CHRISTIN: Nein, was soll ich denn da? Heute ist Sonntag!
6. MARK: Sag mal, kannst du gut Englisch?
7. CHRISTIN: Ja, ich kann aber auch Französisch.
8. MARK: Darf hier jeder in die Bibliothek?
9. CHRISTIN: Ja, wer will, der darf.
Using noun-modifying clauses in the past and present.
Using the plain present form of verbs.
兄が よく 行く きっさてんは あそこです。
The coffee shop that my older brother often goes to is over there.
Using the plain present or past form of adjectives and verbs.
これは 母が 好きだった ほんです。
This is the book that my mother liked.
兄が きのう 行った きっさてんは あそこです。
The coffee shop that my older brother went to yesterday is over there.
As explained in previous chapters, in Japanese the modifying clause immediately precedes the noun to be modified. The modifying clause can be in the past or the present tense, but the verb must be in the plain form.
兄が よく 行く くっさてんは あそこです。
これは 母が 好きだった ほんです。
兄が きのう 行った きっさてんは あそこです。
The topic marker は does not appear in a modifying clause. Thus, the subject of the verb in a modifying clause is marked by が
弟が よく 行く レストラン
the restaurant that my younger brother goes to often
山田さんが きのう 行った レストラン
the restaurant that Yamada-san went to yesterday
母が 好きだった ふく
the clothes that my mother liked
*note from Trinker - with no time marker, this conveys the impression of this no longer being the case, either because of changing tastes or because the person in question is no longer living
母が すきな 音楽
the music that my mother likes
The subject marker が is often substituted by the particle の when the modifying clause is very short.
父が/の 好きだった 家
the house that my father liked
父が 子供の 時に 好きだった 家
the house that my father liked when he was a child
弟が/の 見た 映画
the movie that my younger brother watched
弟が 山田さんと 見た 映画
the movie that my younger brother watched with Yamada-san
Use the present tense when a modifying clause describes a characteristic of a person or thing even though the sentence is in the past tense.
私は よく 食べる 子供でした。
I was a child who ate a lot.
山田さんは せが 高い 人でした。
Yamada-san was the tall person.
I'm not usually the person who reads the tabloids. I have small amounts of commentary to give on the personal lives of actors I enjoy, and most of that consists of "Awww, they're so cute!" But when someone starts trending on Yahoo, and then I click their name to see why that name sounds so damn familiar, and then I realize that that's the wife one of my objects of mild obsession (and a sweet guy I met at a con once) and now soon to be ex-wife? Apparently my brain goes base over apex and I can't think of any other damn thing. Someone, please, give me something to think about other than the urge to cuddle the man. I don't even like to take sides when people I actually know are splitting up! That way lies nasty drama.
Actually, don't give me anything else to think about because as soon as I'm done with this I'm going to start doing a link roundup and practicing guitar. But, you know. The principle's there. I'm trying not to think about it because it's none of my damn business and it bugs me that it's stuck in the top part of my brain. Oof. And I still have way more than enough stuff to do without indulgent web surfing over personal dramas. Vocab quizzes, guitar. Link roundups. Writing crap. You'd think my hindbrain would realize this and give over, but apparently it's trying to headache me into submission.
I'm going to get out my guitar and play Folk Song Army. Unlike the rest of you squares. (For those of you staring at me like I've gone mental now, google Tom Lehrer.)