(no subject)

[kittydesade]

Using double particles with the topic marker は, the contrast marker は, and the similarity marker も

Double particles with the topic marker はand the similarity marker も
この　だいがくに□は　りっぱな　としょかんが　あります。
This university has a fine library.
ときょうだいがくに□も　あります。
Tokyo University also has a fine one.


Contrasting with は
わたしはしんぶんをよくよみます。
I often read the newspaper.
でも、　ざっし□は　あまり　よみません。
But I don’t read magazines very often.


Noun contrast
わたしはうちでごはんをたべます。
I eat meals at home.
がっこうで□はたべません。
I don’t eat at school

As you remember from class, Japanese is annoying and has to use topic markers as well as subject markers. Therefore, the topic particle は can be used with any type of noun. Similarly, the particle も to indicate similarity (really, book?) can be used with any type of noun. Both は and もreplace を (direct object) or が (subject) as in the following examples.
わたしは　あさごはんを　たべました。　たなかさんも　たべました。
I ate breakfast. So did Tanaka-san.
レポートは　あした　かきます。　しゅくだいも　あした　します。
I am going to write a report tomorrow. I will also do homework tomorrow.

With the other particles, は for topic and も for similarity are added to the particle as in the following examples. These are called double particles.
にほんには　ひとりで　いきました。　かんこくにも　ひとりで　いきます。
I went to Japan by myself. I will also go to Korea by myself.
とうきょうでは　えいがを　みました。　きょうとでも　えいがを　みました。
I saw a movie in Tokyo. I also saw one in Kyoto.
りょうしんには　きょう　てがみを　かきます。せんせいにも　きょう　てがみを　かきます。
I am going to write a letter to my parents today. I am also going to write a letter to my professor.
じゅうじには　じゅぎょうが　あります。　じゅういちにも　じゅぎょうが　あります。
I have a class at ten o’clock. I also have another at eleven o’clock, too. (Really, book? Three words additional?)

Relative time expressions like きょう andあしたdo not take the particle に. は and も are added directly to the noun, as in the following example.
きょうは　うんどうをします。　あした□も　します。
I will exercise today. I will also do that tomorrow. (trufax)

Besides indicating a topic, は can indicate contrast. As before, it replaces the direct object particle or the subject particle.
にほんごの　しけんが　あります。　でも、けいざいがくの　しけん□は　ありません。
I have a Japanese exam. But I don’t have an economics exam.

Similarly, with other particles, は for contrast is added to the particle, as in the example below.
としょかんで　べんきょうします。　でも、がくせいかいかんでは　しません。
I study in the library. But I don’t study in the student union.
ここに　ねこが　います。　あそこには　いません。
There is a cat here. There isn’t one over there.

は for contrast is often used in negative sentences. Often, the contrast is implicit rather than explicit, as in the following example.
すずき：　あした　いきますか。
Are you going tomorrow?
ブラウン：　いいえ、　あした□は　いきません。
No, I am not going tomorrow [but I may go some other time is implied]

Occasionally particles may be omitted if they can be easily determined from the context. For example, the time particle にis often deleted when the noun indicates a day, as in:
げつようび（に）は　にほんごの　じゅぎょうが　あります。


Okay, that was a fuckton of grammar instructions. Most of which I already know or remember but typing it out helps you if you're trying to learn along with me and me to remember it even more, so hey. Aw damn, the nifty boxes around certain particles didn't translate nearly so well to this medium. Not that I entirely expected it to, but aw darn anyway. Oh well. I have them in the word document of my review, so that's what matters.

I actually have crap to do today. Day job crap, I mean. It's a miracle. Admittedly it's also that we got in a big pile of crap to ship out for backorders but, seriously, people. What the hell? This week has been absolutely dead, work wise. It's a little unnerving. (Okay, more than a little.) Ugh. Just, ugh.

On the maybe not so plus side I oh. Hm. I have to work Saturday, but it also occurred to me that since the mail and the UPS doesn't actually run on Monday, maybe I should just shift my weekend to Sunday-Monday instead of Saturday-Sunday. Which gives me a weekend and a shorter work week next week, and doesn't leave me sitting here going man, I could be home stretching out on my bed and doing this writing instead of sitting here practicing bad posture by slouching in my chair. Yes. I think I'll discuss that with the Aunt person and the Lurking Bandit.

Ahem. Anyway. So, yeah. Hopefully I'll get the care package of crafty doom out tomorrow; the food part of it is procured and lurking in my fridge for the moment, just need to finish gathering the rest of it. I have four writing things I really, really, really, really need to get done maybe THIS WEEKEND, if I can, and then I can buckle down on my other three damn Big Bangs. And. Something. I'm actually managing to get shit done today, I just need to not lose copious amounts of brain cells in the process.